To betray implies that one has an obligation of loyalty, does it not? Doesn't have to be an oath, though. Could just be the obligations of citizenship, though perhaps a higher level of obligation is in order for this discussion.
My great grandfather, a chemist, roamed the countryside in the Ukraine "teaching" the peasants about communism and inciting rebellion. His wife, a dentist (yes! They let Jewish women study dentistry!) made bombs in her spare time for the revolutionaries. Because they were Jews and had no real citizenship rights, I think they would have said they didn't betray Nicholas. However, I'm thinking, if they were in the US and were American citizens with full rights (because the US has the antidiscrimination laws), such actions WOULD constitute a betrayal.....
Finelly has mentioned his/her great grandfather who taught communism to the peasants.
If he had been here in the US, where we have freedoms of speech, he would not have betrayed his President but merely used this rights as a citizen.
Since I don't know Finelly's age, I can't estimate how old his/her great grandfather was while going around and teaching communism. I suspect, however, if it was before March 1917 then he was probably teaching "socialism". There is a huge difference in the two. I do not know what the laws were in Tsarist Russia about teaching "socialism" but I don't think it was against the law. If teaching communism then this was after Oct/Nov of 1917.....
However, his wife, on the other hand, who made bombs for the revolutionaries, was a terrorists. And, I assume was breaking the law, therefore, she did betray the Tsar/Tsars and the laws of Russia. If her bombs killed just the people she felt betrayed her and the Jews, it matters not to me, because I'd still convict her of murder. No one should be condemed to death without a trial where guilt can be proven or disproven.
Obviously she thought she had an obligation to herself and the Jews, if not a Jewish reason then whatever her cause was, to make bombs which helped to overthrow the Tsarist govt. so please post it in brief here but the bulk of the Jewish history and Nicholas II's attitude to the Jews should be taken to the Jewish thread where it is already being discussed.
AGRBear