As far as I know, there has never been a really good book done about royals and into marriage and in breeding although such a study would be very interesting. There are so many question marks on how much inbreeding actually affected the Hapsburgs for example, as evidenced with the discussion on this thread about Charles II of Spain.. was it inbreeding or was that not the main factor? I always thought it was, but it maybe that a good study would put this question to rest. If anybody knows of any books, post them. I don't think intermarriage really affected things as much as some think, but then, there is a question mark over so much, like hemophilia- was it aggravated by that inbreeding, since it likely wasn't caused by it?