The French court did not have "debutantes" balls. Individual girls were normally presented by a family member, already in the Court to show that she was available for marriage or to be open for a position in service as a noble lady.
Likewise, there were no "seasons" as such. The court moved with the king, wherever he went. Entertainments were constant, at Versailles especially. Naturally religious fetes and royal weddings were great reasons for a grand party.
Court etiquette was formalized and structured under Louis XIV and kept the same pretty much under even the Bonaparte monarchies [who, BTW, may have been the ones to introduce "debuts at Court, a'langlaise]
There are many sources, in English of the Court and it's rules. - Versailles and the Trianons, by Nolhac, Versailles and the Court under Louis XIV by Farmer. And many court memoirs, like Montespan, Campan, etc. I have a set of 20 volumes on just that- memoirs of the French Courts, both Bourbon and Bonaparte. The complete set may be hard and costly to find, but the individual volumes do come up on book searches. [all in English translations]