If he had another child who lived to adulthood, then history would have been different of course. I think any child would have raised protestant, despite the inclinations of the mother in any religious direction. It woudn't have mattered. Since the child was raised that way, most likely they would have stayed that way. The choice would have been whether they were radical like Edward, or more moderate like Elizabeth. If a daughter, they might not have come to the throne, it's hard to say. If a son say by Anne of Cleves or Katherine Parr, he would have suceeded, given that males came first. Elizabeth coudn't have debated that at all.
I think Henry might have questioned the legitimacy of any child of Katherine Howard's. He would not have allowed a possible bastard son to suceed him, and it was harder in those days to prove paternity. It is an interesting debate. I think he did know Anne of Cleves in a intimate way, because he would have not had such an aversion to her otherwise at all. He would have wanted to see how things went, and he did have time to see how things went, when he decided their marriage was over.
