I think this is unlikely. Albert Victor was 28 (just) when he died, and untreated syphilis typically takes 20 years plus to kill. Typically, the victim has a minor illness at the time he contracts it, then recovers for a number of years while the disease is in its dormant phase. Then it flares up again, producing florid mental symptoms, various physical manifestations and finally what used to be called General Paralysis of the Insane (GPI).
Treponema Pallidum has had quite an eventful history. One thing that is certain is that the disease it produces has become less virulent over time. When first described in Europe at the end of the 15th century, its victims were subject to a horrifying acute disease that was invariably fatal within a matter of months. Although it had settled into its well-known "3 stages" by the end of the 19th century, it was still then entirely possible that it could prove fatal within a few years: it is not correct to assume that all syphilis at the end of the 19th century resembled the current descriptions. Available medical resources demonstrate how the bacteria and resultant course of illness has shifted in response to antibiotic treatment (and see also its 1970s re-emergence and its effect as a concurrent infection in those who are also HIV+). Remember too that syphilis was known as the Great Imitator, as symptoms affecting the heart and circulation, the bones and brain were - in the days before cat scans and blood workups and penicillin and anti-psychotics - not easy to ascribe or diagnose.
This is not to say that Eddy died of - or even had - syphilis although given the risk of congenital infection, it would have made good sense for a hereditary monarchy to get rid of him before he produced a saddle nosed, snaggle-toothed, tabes-limping heir! But given its then prevalence and his amorous habits, it would not be a shock if he indeed did contract it. But whatever his habits and health, it must be stressed that the usual course of the disease as seen and described now doesn't automatically apply to the 1890s.
Anyone interested in this subject (and who ain't?) night find it worth looking over the theory that Fletcher Christian's mutiny madness was in large part because of his neuro-syphilis (the Tahiti strain back then was infamously virulent and it pretty much could go from chancre to brain-fester in months).
Or that Kaiser Frederick III's laryngeal cancer wasn't cancer after all (which would explain both McKenzie's not diagnosing cancer and Virchow not detecting abnormal cells) and thus McKenzie had to do the impossible - defend himself whilst not revealing the saintly Emperor's naughty secret. Syphilis was well-known to cause laryngeal ulceration and during Frederick's infamous dalliance with a courtesan in Egypt in the 1860's it was rumoured that he did contract it.
Or that Queen Alexandra's famous limp had nothing to with the arthritic after-effects of rheumatic fever but was syphiliptic tabes dorsalis affecting her heel (a very common sequelae then). What ever it was, Alexandra's long illness of 1866/7 resulted in a sickly baby (Louise) who grew into a feeble woman - as were the two daughters born afterwards. (Although I think that if porphyria was symptomatic anywhere in the RF in the late Victorian era then it was with Maud and Victoria Wales as both were plagued by illness and Maud with mobility problems - ones that could also have been caused by the Great Imitator! ) Anyway, RF affects the heart and in serious cases (which QA's would have been, given that she was bedridden for months) rendered the afflicted the life of a semi-invalid ever after - just that there didn't seem to be any of the RF cardiac after-effects.
And given the rollcall of afflcied continental monarchs and royals, it would be strange indeed if the not-as-uxorious-as-they'd-have-us-oiks-believe British RF always escaped entirely
